ELECTRIC CHARGE:

Basically the electric Charge is a property of ultra-elementary particle that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electric and magnetic field.” Electric charges are of two types: Positive and Negative, commonly carried by charge carriers’ protons and electrons.

and electrification is a process that produces some electric charge on an object, so if the charge is confined, that is called an electrostatic charge.

Static electric city is stationery electricity in the form of an electricity charge at rest, commonly caused by friction Electricity is the movement of electrons. Electrons always the create charge, which we can utilize to do work. our tub light, light bulb, computer, LED Television, CD player, landline phone, cell phone, etc., are all harnessing the movement of the electrons can energies for the work in the circuit.

These all operation completed using the same basic power source: So this movement of electrons. Three basic principles also represent understanding the charge or movement of electrons that can be explained using electrons, or more specifically, the charge they create:


TWO TYPES OF CHARGE:

1. Positive

2. Negative

3. Basic Law of Electrostatics - object with similar charges repel each other; objects with the opposite   charges attract.

 

FORCE BETWEEN CHARGES:

1. The quantity of Charge is always measured in coulombs that can show by (C)

2. coulomb = the charge on 6.25 x 1018 electrons

3. While the Coulomb's law of electrostatics – the force between two point like A and B the charge is directly proportional to the provided object or magnitudes of the product while the inversely proportional to the square of the distance.


ELECTRIC FIELDS:

1. Electric Fields an electric field is said to exist in a region of space if an   electric charge placed in that region is subject to an electric force.

2. An electric line of force is a line so drawn that a tangent to it at any point indicates the orientation of the electric field at that point.




ELECTRIC FIELDS:

The electric field intensity, E, at any point in an electric field is the force per unit positive charge at that point (newton per coulomb)

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL:

1. Electric Potential The voltage (potential difference) (V), between two points like A and B in any electric field is the work done per unit charge as a charge is moved between the point A and B,    V = Work (W)/charge (q).

2. The potential gradient of an electrical field is that the modification in potential per unit of distance.

3. When any (potential difference) voltage V between a semiconducting object and therefore the earth is zero, So, it's called the grounded.


VOLTAGE:

The term most of often used to designate electric presser that exists between two points we can say that the voltage is the pressure that may move electrons from one point to another point in an electrical close circuit's power source that pushes electrons (charged current) through a conducting loop, enabling them to do work. In short, voltage means pressure, and it is always measured in volts (V), millivolts, (mV) microvolts (μV).

The term recognizes Italian physicist Alessandro Volta (1745-1827), inventor of the voltaic pile—the forerunner of today's household battery. In modern electronics and electricity's early days, the voltage was known as electromotive force (emf). This is why in equations such as Ohm's Law, voltage is represented by the symbol E. Example of voltage in a simple direct current (dc) circuit:

 

CURRENT:

The flow of electrons or holes measured in ampere (A) or fractions of an ampere, milli- amperes (mA), micro-amperes (μA), nano-amperes (nA), pico-amperes (pA). current can be induced by the application of an electric field through a conductor by changing the electric field across a capacitor (displacement current).   

 

RESISTANCE: 

The opposition that a device or material offers to the flow of direct current, measured in Ohm`s (Ω), kilo-ohms (kΩ), or mega-ohms (mΩ), in AC circuits, resistance is the real component of impedance.

So, then we discuss these values, we're describing the movement of charge, and thus, the behavior of electrons. A circuit is a closed loop that allows the charge to move from one place to another. Components of the circuit permit to control this charge and utilized it to do some work.